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Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary

The sanctaury lies in the Mountainous, consisting steep to very steep and rugged terrain of Arunachal Pradesh. The altitude varies from 1800 mean sea level to 5000 (mean sea level). The Eastern part of the Himalayas consists of Eastern Tibet, the Yamana province of South China, Hainan the Northern part of the Indo-China, Burma and northern part of Thailand. These constitute a single natural unit of mountainous land and known as Indo-China sub-region (Mani 1974). The recent classification for protected area in Indian (Rodger and Power 1988) categories Arunachal as biotic province 2D – The Eastern Himalayas. The State is located at junction of Indo-Chinese and Malayan Sub-region (Ran – 1974).

Temperature: It is a cooler place as the altitude varies from 1800m to 5000 m. During summer season the coverage temperature varies form 180C to 220C and heavy snowfall (6m to 10m) is very common in winter.

Rainfall: The area falls with the monsoon zone and precipitation is received from both the southwest and North-East Monsoon. The South West monsoon continues from May to October and maximum rain occurs during the period of about 80% of total rainfall. The Sanctuary consists of numerous Perennial River and streams as Tangor, Ithun, Matum, Ashun, Ahi, Etire Nallah, Echi Nallah, Emma Nallah, Chunna Nallah, Thong, Jionning, Tangon Nallah, Edzon river and Edza Nallah. There is one snow lake near the international Indo-China boundary. The Name of the lake is kahaiwhite just below the highest peak locally called “Kahaii Kala”.

Flora: The vegetation of Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary is of temperate and alpine type. The composition of flora depends mainly on the locality factor i.e. climatic, Topographic, Edaphic and biotic factors. The Vegetation can be broadly placed as a. Temperate broad leaved forests (1800m to 2800m) b. Temperate conifer forests (2800m to 3500 m).

a. This vegetation extend between the altitude 1800 to 2800 m dense two fire forest of canopy density one. The main associations are (1) Michelia – Acer, (2) Castanopsis – Magnolia (3) Magnolia – Quercus – Ex-bucklandia and (4) Populus ciliata.

b. The vegetation at this zone are Tsuga, Abies, Pinus walli chinana Rhododendra arboratum, Taxus baccata and gregarious occurance of bamboo forests.

Alpine Forests: The Alpine type of vegetation occurs on the peaks of higher reaches above an altitude 4000 m to 5500 m. Major part of the year remains covered with snow and the physiological activities of plants are restricted only for a few months during the period snow melts. The trees are stunted and dwarf in bushes. The plants are mostly herbs with deep root. The ground is mostly cushioned with leaves and branches. The area becomes very attractive during flowering season with bright colored gregarious flowering for brief period. Plants like Rhododendra nivals, Rthomaonii, Sedum spp., Saxifraga spp., Saussaurea spp., Arenaria spp., Pheum spp. etc are present.

Fauna: The Sanctuary is very rich in animal population. The herbivores found are Goral, Takin, Serow and Musk Deer. Migration of population takes place due to food crises during seasonal variation. Among this carnivores are snow leopards in high altitudes and clouded leopard in the lower latitudinal zone found here. There is enough scope for the development of tourism complex by providing certain facilities like eco-friendly tourist cottages, Trekking path from Anini to valley of flower of total distance of 60 km, providing transit camp at 5 Km interval along the trekking path, transport and Forest Rest House. The Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary was created in 1992 vide notification No. DV/DEV/15(XVI)/91-92/23589-97. Roing 12th Feb.’02. The Name derived from the river Dibang. The genetic and ecological feature of the Debang Wildlife Sanctuary consists of typical high mountainous Eastern Himalayan Ecosystem. This Sanctuary falls under Moist Temperate and Alpine zones. The variety of flora and fauna is perhaps unequal. The Sanctuary is near Indo-China boundary towards Dambing outpost. There is a beautiful lake called as Kahai white means lake in the middle of the flower valley. The flowering season of this valley is during the month of May and June. This unique genetic and ecological gesture is a very rare phenomenon.

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